This is provided by trained staff and volunteers who recognize and respond to the spiritual needs of patients and their families. It includes offering presence, prayer, encouragement, and spiritual resources such as scripture, rituals, or referrals to faith leaders when requested. Spiritual care aims to support people in finding meaning, hope, and comfort in the midst of illness or distress, respecting their individual beliefs and values.

This is provided by volunteers who completed the required HospiVision training and include offering empathy, care, reassurance, and encouragement aimed at reducing feelings of stress, loneliness, and anxiety. Emotional support focuses on being present, listening, and validating someone’s feelings, without offering formal counselling or therapeutic intervention.

A supportive helping relationship provided by a non-professional (such as theology and psychology students) who listens, encourages, and guides within the limits of their training. Lay counsellors do not diagnose or treat mental health disorders but offer empathy, problem-solving support, and referral to professionals when needed.

A structured and ethical process provided by a trained, qualified, and licensed professional who uses recognized psychological theories, techniques, and interventions to help individuals, couples, or groups explore concerns, improve mental health, develop coping strategies, and make informed decisions. This includes but are not limited to pastoral counsellors; psychologists; registered counsellors; social workers; play therapists.